VUE+Canvas 实现桌面弹球消砖块小游戏的示例代码
编程学习 2021-07-04 14:07www.dzhlxh.cn编程入门
这篇文章主要介绍了VUE+Canvas 实现桌面弹球消砖块小游戏,本文给大家介绍的非常详细，对大家的学习或工作具有一定的参考借鉴价值，需要的朋友可以参考下
大家都玩过弹球消砖块游戏，左右键控制最底端的一个小木板平移，接住掉落的小球，将球弹起后消除画面上方的一堆砖块。
那么用VUE+Canvas如何来实现呢？实现思路很简单，首先来拆分一下要画在画布上的内容：
（1）用键盘左右按键控制平移的木板；
（2）在画布内四处弹跳的小球；
（3）固定在画面上方，并且被球碰撞后就消失的一堆砖块。
将上述三种对象，用requestAnimationFrame()函数平移运动起来，再结合各种碰撞检查，就可以得到最终的结果。
先看看最终的效果：
一、左右平移的木板
最底部的木板是最简单的一部分，因为木板的y坐标是固定的，我们设置木板的初始参数，包括其宽度，高度，平移速度等，然后实现画木板的函数：
pannel: {
x: 0,
y: 0,
height: 8,
width: 100,
speed: 8,
dx: 0
},
....
drawPannel() {
this.drawRoundRect(
this.pannel.x,
this.pannel.y,
this.pannel.width,
this.pannel.height,
5
);
},
drawRoundRect(x, y, width, height, radius) { // 画圆角矩形
this.ctx.beginPath();
this.ctx.arc(x + radius, y + radius, radius, Math.PI, (Math.PI * 3) / 2);
this.ctx.lineTo(width - radius + x, y);
this.ctx.arc(
width - radius + x,
radius + y,
radius,
(Math.PI * 3) / 2,
Math.PI * 2
);
this.ctx.lineTo(width + x, height + y - radius);
this.ctx.arc(
width - radius + x,
height - radius + y,
radius,
0,
(Math.PI * 1) / 2
);
this.ctx.lineTo(radius + x, height + y);
this.ctx.arc(
radius + x,
height - radius + y,
radius,
(Math.PI * 1) / 2,
Math.PI
);
this.ctx.fillStyle = "#008b8b";
this.ctx.fill();
this.ctx.closePath();
}
程序初始化的时候，监听键盘的左右方向键，来移动木板，通过长度判断是否移动到了左右边界使其不能继续移出画面：
document.onkeydown = function(e) {
let key = window.event.keyCode;
if (key === 37) {
// 左键
_this.pannel.dx = -_this.pannel.speed;
} else if (key === 39) {
// 右键
_this.pannel.dx = _this.pannel.speed;
}
};
document.onkeyup = function(e) {
_this.pannel.dx = 0;
};
....
movePannel() {
this.pannel.x += this.pannel.dx;
if (this.pannel.x > this.clientWidth - this.pannel.width) {
this.pannel.x = this.clientWidth - this.pannel.width;
} else if (this.pannel.x < 0) {
this.pannel.x = 0;
}
},
二、弹跳的小球和碰撞检测
小球的运动和木板类似，只是不仅有dx的偏移，还有dy的偏移。
而且还要有碰撞检测：
（1）当碰撞的是上、右、左墙壁以及木板上的时候则反弹；
（2）当碰撞到是木板以外的下边界的时候，则输掉游戏；
（3）当碰撞的是砖块的时候，被碰的砖块消失，分数+1，小球反弹。
于是和木板一样，将小球部分分为画小球函数drawBall()和小球运动函数moveBall()：
drawBall() {
this.ctx.beginPath();
this.ctx.arc(this.ball.x, this.ball.y, this.ball.r, 0, 2 * Math.PI);
this.ctx.fillStyle = "#008b8b";
this.ctx.fill();
this.ctx.closePath();
},
moveBall() {
this.ball.x += this.ball.dx;
this.ball.y += this.ball.dy;
this.breaksHandle();
this.edgeHandle();
},
breaksHandle() {
// 触碰砖块检测
this.breaks.forEach(item => {
if (item.show) {
if (
this.ball.x + this.ball.r > item.x &&
this.ball.x - this.ball.r < item.x + this.breaksConfig.width &&
this.ball.y + this.ball.r > item.y &&
this.ball.y - this.ball.r < item.y + this.breaksConfig.height
) {
item.show = false;
this.ball.dy *= -1;
this.score ++ ;
if(this.showBreaksCount === 0){
this.gameOver = true;
}
}
}
});
},
edgeHandle() {
// 边缘检测
// 碰到顶部反弹
if (this.ball.y - this.ball.r < 0) {
this.ball.dy = -this.ball.dy;
}
if (
// 碰到左右墙壁
this.ball.x - this.ball.r < 0 ||
this.ball.x + this.ball.r > this.clientWidth
) {
this.ball.dx = -this.ball.dx;
}
if (
this.ball.x >= this.pannel.x &&
this.ball.x <= this.pannel.x + this.pannel.width &&
this.ball.y + this.ball.r >= this.clientHeight - this.pannel.height
) {
// 球的x在板子范围内并触碰到了板子
this.ball.dy *= -1;
} else if (
(this.ball.x < this.pannel.x ||
this.ball.x > this.pannel.x + this.pannel.width) &&
this.ball.y + this.ball.r >= this.clientHeight
) {
// 球碰到了底边缘了
this.gameOver = true;
this.getCurshBreaks();
}
}
三、砖块的生成
砖块的生成也比较简单，这里我们初始了一些数据：
breaksConfig: {
row: 6, // 排数
height: 25, // 砖块高度
width: 130, // 砖块宽度
radius: 5, // 矩形圆角
space: 0, // 间距
colunm: 6 // 列数
}
根据这些配置项以及画布宽度，我们可以计算出每个砖块的横向间隙是多少：
// 计算得出砖块缝隙宽度
this.breaksConfig.space = Math.floor(
(this.clientWidth -
this.breaksConfig.width * this.breaksConfig.colunm) /
(this.breaksConfig.colunm + 1)
);
于是我们可以得到每个砖块在画布中的x,y坐标（指的砖块左上角的坐标）
for (let i = 0; i < _this.breaksConfig.row; i++) {
for (let j = 0; j < _this.breaksConfig.colunm; j++) {
_this.breaks.push({
x: this.breaksConfig.space * (j + 1) + this.breaksConfig.width * j,
y: 10 * (i + 1) + this.breaksConfig.height * i,
show: true
});
}
}
再加上绘制砖块的函数：
drawBreaks() {
let _this = this;
_this.breaks.forEach(item => {
if (item.show) {
_this.drawRoundRect(
item.x,
item.y,
_this.breaksConfig.width,
_this.breaksConfig.height,
_this.breaksConfig.radius
);
}
});
}
四、让上面三个部分动起来
(function animloop() {
if (!_this.gameOver) {
_this.movePannel();
_this.moveBall();
_this.drawAll();
} else {
_this.drawCrushBreaks();
}
window.requestAnimationFrame(animloop);
})();
....
drawAll() {
this.ctx.clearRect(0, 0, this.clientWidth, this.clientHeight);
this.drawPannel();
this.drawBall();
this.drawScore();
this.drawBreaks();
}
五、游戏结束后的效果
在最开始的动图里可以看到，游戏结束后，砖块粉碎成了若干的小球掉落，这个其实和画单独的小球类似，思路就是把剩余的砖块中心坐标处生产若干大小不等，运动轨迹不等，颜色不等的小球，然后继续动画。
getCurshBreaks() {
let _this = this;
this.breaks.forEach(item => {
if (item.show) {
item.show = false;
for (let i = 0; i < 8; i++) { // 每个砖块粉碎为8个小球
this.crushBalls.push({
x: item.x + this.breaksConfig.width / 2,
y: item.y + this.breaksConfig.height / 2,
dx: _this.getRandomArbitrary(-6, 6),
dy: _this.getRandomArbitrary(-6, 6),
r: _this.getRandomArbitrary(1, 4),
color: _this.getRandomColor()
});
}
}
});
},
drawCrushBreaks() {
this.ctx.clearRect(0, 0, this.clientWidth, this.clientHeight);
this.crushBalls.forEach(item => {
this.ctx.beginPath();
this.ctx.arc(item.x, item.y, item.r, 0, 2 * Math.PI);
this.ctx.fillStyle = item.color;
this.ctx.fill();
this.ctx.closePath();
item.x += item.dx;
item.y += item.dy;
if (
// 碰到左右墙壁
item.x - item.r < 0 ||
item.x + item.r > this.clientWidth
) {
item.dx = -item.dx;
}
if (
// 碰到上下墙壁
item.y - item.r < 0 ||
item.y + item.r > this.clientHeight
) {
item.dy = -item.dy;
}
});
},
以上就是桌面弹球消砖块小游戏的实现思路和部分代码，实现起来很简单，两三百行代码就可以实现这个小游戏。在小球的运动上可以进行持续优化，并且也可以增加难度选项操作。
最后附上全部的vue文件代码，供大家参考学习：
<template>
<div class="break-ball">
<canvas id="breakBall" width="900" height="600"></canvas>
<div class="container" v-if="gameOver">
<div class="dialog">
<p class="once-again">本轮分数：{{score}}分</p>
<p class="once-again">真好玩！</p>
<p class="once-again">再来一次~~</p>
<el-button class="once-again-btn" @click="init">开始</el-button>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</template>
<script>
const randomColor = [
"#FF95CA",
"#00E3E3",
"#00E3E3",
"#6F00D2",
"#6F00D2",
"#C2C287",
"#ECFFFF",
"#FFDC35",
"#93FF93",
"#d0d0d0"
];
export default {
name: "BreakBall",
data() {
return {
clientWidth: 0,
clientHeight: 0,
ctx: null,
crushBalls: [],
pannel: {
x: 0,
y: 0,
height: 8,
width: 100,
speed: 8,
dx: 0
},
ball: {
x: 0,
y: 0,
r: 8,
dx: -4,
dy: -4
},
score: 0,
gameOver: false,
breaks: [],
breaksConfig: {
row: 6, // 排数
height: 25, // 砖块高度
width: 130, // 砖块宽度
radius: 5, // 矩形圆角
space: 0, // 间距
colunm: 6 // 列数
}
};
},
mounted() {
let _this = this;
let container = document.getElementById("breakBall");
this.ctx = container.getContext("2d");
this.clientHeight = container.height;
this.clientWidth = container.width;
_this.init();
document.onkeydown = function(e) {
let key = window.event.keyCode;
if (key === 37) {
// 左键
_this.pannel.dx = -_this.pannel.speed;
} else if (key === 39) {
// 右键
_this.pannel.dx = _this.pannel.speed;
}
};
document.onkeyup = function(e) {
_this.pannel.dx = 0;
};
(function animloop() {
if (!_this.gameOver) {
_this.movePannel();
_this.moveBall();
_this.drawAll();
} else {
_this.drawCrushBreaks();
}
window.requestAnimationFrame(animloop);
})();
},
computed:{
showBreaksCount(){
return this.breaks.filter(item=>{
return item.show;
}).length;
}
},
methods: {
init() {
let _this = this;
_this.gameOver = false;
this.pannel.y = this.clientHeight - this.pannel.height;
this.pannel.x = this.clientWidth / 2 - this.pannel.width / 2;
this.ball.y = this.clientHeight / 2;
this.ball.x = this.clientWidth / 2;
this.score = 0;
this.ball.dx = [-1,1][Math.floor(Math.random() * 2)]*4;
this.ball.dy = [-1,1][Math.floor(Math.random() * 2)]*4;
this.crushBalls = [];
this.breaks = [];
// 计算得出砖块缝隙宽度
this.breaksConfig.space = Math.floor(
(this.clientWidth -
this.breaksConfig.width * this.breaksConfig.colunm) /
(this.breaksConfig.colunm + 1)
);
for (let i = 0; i < _this.breaksConfig.row; i++) {
for (let j = 0; j < _this.breaksConfig.colunm; j++) {
_this.breaks.push({
x: this.breaksConfig.space * (j + 1) + this.breaksConfig.width * j,
y: 10 * (i + 1) + this.breaksConfig.height * i,
show: true
});
}
}
},
drawAll() {
this.ctx.clearRect(0, 0, this.clientWidth, this.clientHeight);
this.drawPannel();
this.drawBall();
this.drawScore();
this.drawBreaks();
},
movePannel() {
this.pannel.x += this.pannel.dx;
if (this.pannel.x > this.clientWidth - this.pannel.width) {
this.pannel.x = this.clientWidth - this.pannel.width;
} else if (this.pannel.x < 0) {
this.pannel.x = 0;
}
},
moveBall() {
this.ball.x += this.ball.dx;
this.ball.y += this.ball.dy;
this.breaksHandle();
this.edgeHandle();
},
breaksHandle() {
// 触碰砖块检测
this.breaks.forEach(item => {
if (item.show) {
if (
this.ball.x + this.ball.r > item.x &&
this.ball.x - this.ball.r < item.x + this.breaksConfig.width &&
this.ball.y + this.ball.r > item.y &&
this.ball.y - this.ball.r < item.y + this.breaksConfig.height
) {
item.show = false;
this.ball.dy *= -1;
this.score ++ ;
if(this.showBreaksCount === 0){
this.gameOver = true;
}
}
}
});
},
edgeHandle() {
// 边缘检测
// 碰到顶部反弹
if (this.ball.y - this.ball.r < 0) {
this.ball.dy = -this.ball.dy;
}
if (
// 碰到左右墙壁
this.ball.x - this.ball.r < 0 ||
this.ball.x + this.ball.r > this.clientWidth
) {
this.ball.dx = -this.ball.dx;
}
if (
this.ball.x >= this.pannel.x &&
this.ball.x <= this.pannel.x + this.pannel.width &&
this.ball.y + this.ball.r >= this.clientHeight - this.pannel.height
) {
// 球的x在板子范围内并触碰到了板子
this.ball.dy *= -1;
} else if (
(this.ball.x < this.pannel.x ||
this.ball.x > this.pannel.x + this.pannel.width) &&
this.ball.y + this.ball.r >= this.clientHeight
) {
// 球碰到了底边缘了
this.gameOver = true;
this.getCurshBreaks();
}
},
drawScore(){
this.ctx.beginPath();
this.ctx.font="14px Arial";
this.ctx.fillStyle = "#FFF";
this.ctx.fillText("分数："+this.score,10,this.clientHeight-14);
this.ctx.closePath();
},
drawCrushBreaks() {
this.ctx.clearRect(0, 0, this.clientWidth, this.clientHeight);
this.crushBalls.forEach(item => {
this.ctx.beginPath();
this.ctx.arc(item.x, item.y, item.r, 0, 2 * Math.PI);
this.ctx.fillStyle = item.color;
this.ctx.fill();
this.ctx.closePath();
item.x += item.dx;
item.y += item.dy;
if (
// 碰到左右墙壁
item.x - item.r < 0 ||
item.x + item.r > this.clientWidth
) {
item.dx = -item.dx;
}
if (
// 碰到上下墙壁
item.y - item.r < 0 ||
item.y + item.r > this.clientHeight
) {
item.dy = -item.dy;
}
});
},
getRandomColor() {
return randomColor[Math.floor(Math.random() * randomColor.length)];
},
getRandomArbitrary(min, max) {
return Math.random() * (max - min) + min;
},
getCurshBreaks() {
let _this = this;
this.breaks.forEach(item => {
if (item.show) {
item.show = false;
for (let i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
this.crushBalls.push({
x: item.x + this.breaksConfig.width / 2,
y: item.y + this.breaksConfig.height / 2,
dx: _this.getRandomArbitrary(-6, 6),
dy: _this.getRandomArbitrary(-6, 6),
r: _this.getRandomArbitrary(1, 4),
color: _this.getRandomColor()
});
}
}
});
},
drawBall() {
this.ctx.beginPath();
this.ctx.arc(this.ball.x, this.ball.y, this.ball.r, 0, 2 * Math.PI);
this.ctx.fillStyle = "#008b8b";
this.ctx.fill();
this.ctx.closePath();
},
drawPannel() {
this.drawRoundRect(
this.pannel.x,
this.pannel.y,
this.pannel.width,
this.pannel.height,
5
);
},
drawRoundRect(x, y, width, height, radius) {
this.ctx.beginPath();
this.ctx.arc(x + radius, y + radius, radius, Math.PI, (Math.PI * 3) / 2);
this.ctx.lineTo(width - radius + x, y);
this.ctx.arc(
width - radius + x,
radius + y,
radius,
(Math.PI * 3) / 2,
Math.PI * 2
);
this.ctx.lineTo(width + x, height + y - radius);
this.ctx.arc(
width - radius + x,
height - radius + y,
radius,
0,
(Math.PI * 1) / 2
);
this.ctx.lineTo(radius + x, height + y);
this.ctx.arc(
radius + x,
height - radius + y,
radius,
(Math.PI * 1) / 2,
Math.PI
);
this.ctx.fillStyle = "#008b8b";
this.ctx.fill();
this.ctx.closePath();
},
drawBreaks() {
let _this = this;
_this.breaks.forEach(item => {
if (item.show) {
_this.drawRoundRect(
item.x,
item.y,
_this.breaksConfig.width,
_this.breaksConfig.height,
_this.breaksConfig.radius
);
}
});
}
}
};
</script>
<!-- Add "scoped" attribute to limit CSS to this component only -->
<style scoped lang="scss">
.break-ball {
width: 900px;
height: 600px;
position: relative;
#breakBall {
background: #2a4546;
}
.container {
position: absolute;
top: 0;
right: 0;
bottom: 0;
left: 0;
background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
text-align: center;
font-size: 0;
white-space: nowrap;
overflow: auto;
}
.container:after {
content: "";
display: inline-block;
height: 100%;
vertical-align: middle;
}
.dialog {
width: 400px;
height: 300px;
background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5);
box-shadow: 3px 3px 6px 3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
display: inline-block;
vertical-align: middle;
text-align: left;
font-size: 28px;
color: #fff;
font-weight: 600;
border-radius: 10px;
white-space: normal;
text-align: center;
.once-again-btn {
background: #1f9a9a;
border: none;
color: #fff;
}
}
}
</style>
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