NodeJS基础API搭建服务器详细过程记录

node-example
 |--data(存放项目数据的文件夹)
   |--detail.json(存放食品详情数据)
   |--foods.json(存放首页食品数据)
 |--model(提供访问和操作数据服务的数据模型)
   |--detail.js(详情数据访问模块)
   |--foods.js(食品数据访问模块)
 |--public(存放css,js,图片等静态文件)
   |--css(存放css文件的文件夹)
   |--img(存放图片的文件夹)
   |--js(存放js文件的文件夹)
 |--route(路由，控制器)
   |--api(处理普通请求的路由，或者叫控制器)
   |--static(处理静态文件请求的路由，或者叫控制器)
 |--views(视图，即用户界面)
   |--index.html(主页界面)
   |--detail.html(详情页面)
 |--server.js(服务器启动文件)
 |--package.json(项目包信息)
 |--README.md(项目信息以及启动方法描述)

var http = require('http');
var url = require('url');
var api = require('./route/api');
var static = require('./route/static');

// 匹配静态文件夹路径的正则表达式，用于判定请求是否为静态文件请求
var staticExp = /\/public\/(img|css|js)\/[a-z]*\.(jpg|png|gif|css|js)/;

http.createServer((req, res) => {
 var pathname = url.parse(req.url).pathname;
 if (staticExp.test(pathname)) {// 静态文件请求交由static处理
 static.get(__dirname + pathname, res);
 } else if (req.method == 'POST') {// 处理普通post请求
 api.post(req, res);
 } else {// 处理普通get请求
 api.get(req, res);
 }
}).listen(3000);
console.log('[Server Info] Start server at http://localhost:3000/');

var fs = require('fs');
var path = require('path');

var MIME = {};
MIME[".css"] = "text/css";
MIME[".js"] = "text/js";
MIME[".jpg"] = "image/jpeg";
MIME[".jpeg"] = "image/jpeg";
MIME[".png"] = "image/png";
MIME[".gif"] = "image/gif";

function get(pathname, res) {
 if (fs.existsSync(pathname)) {
 var extname = path.extname(pathname);
 res.writeHead(200, {'Content-Type': MIME[extname]});
 fs.readFile(pathname, (err, data) => {
  if (err) {
  console.log(err);
  res.end();
  } else {
  if (isImage(extname)) {
   res.end(data, "binary");// 二进制文件需要加上binary
  } else {
   res.end(data.toString());
  }
  }
 });
 }
}

// 根据拓展名判断是否为图片
function isImage(extname) {
 if (extname === '.jpg' || extname === '.jpeg' ||
 extname === '.png' || extname === '.gif') {
 return true;
 }
 return false;
}
// 提供给其他模块使用的接口
module.exports = {
 get: get
};

var fs = require('fs');
var url = require('url');
var querystring = require('querystring');
var foods = require('../model/foods')();
var detail = require('../model/detail')();

var getHandler = {};
var postHandler = {};

// 处理对主页的请求
getHandler['/'] = function(req, res) {
 var foodMenu = "";
 // 拼装首页数据
 var food = foods.getAllFoods();
 for (var i = 0; i < food.length; ++i) {
  foodMenu += '<div class="food-card" id="' + food[i].id + '"><img src="';
  foodMenu += food[i].image + '"><h1>' + food[i].name + '</h1><h2>' + food[i].price + '</h2></div>';
 }

 res.writeHead(200, {"Content-Type": "text/html"});
 fs.readFile(__dirname + '/../views/index.html', (err, data) => {
 if (err) {
  console.log(err);
  res.end();
 } else {
  // 动态渲染模板
  res.end(data.toString().replace('{{foodMenu}}', foodMenu));
 }
 });
};

// 处理对详情页面的请求
getHandler['/detail'] = function(req, res) {
 var query = querystring.parse(url.parse(req.url).query);
 var foodDetail = detail.getDetail(query.id);
 res.writeHead(200, {"Content-Type": "text/html"});
 fs.readFile(__dirname + '/../views/detail.html', (err, data) => {
 // 动态渲染模板
 res.end(data.toString().replace('{{image}}', foodDetail.image)
  .replace('{{name}}', foodDetail.name)
  .replace('{{description}}', foodDetail.description)
  .replace('{{price}}', foodDetail.price));
 });
};

// 404响应，告知客户端资源未找到
getHandler['/404'] = function(req, res) {
 res.writeHead(404, {"Content-Type": "text/plain"});
 res.end("404 Not Found");
};

// post请求的处理方法示例
postHandler['/'] = function(res, data) {
 // do something
};

// get请求
function get(req, res) {
 var reqUrl = url.parse(req.url);
 if (typeof getHandler[reqUrl.pathname] === "function") {
 getHandler[reqUrl.pathname](req, res);
 } else {
 getHandler["/404"](req, res);
 }
}

// post请求（示例）
function post(req, res) {
 var reqUrl = url.parse(req.url);
 if (typeof postHandler[reqUrl.pathname] === "function") {
 var postData = "";
 req.on('data', (data) => {
  postData += data;
 });
 req.on('end', () => {
  postData = querystring.parse(postData);
  postHandler[reqUrl.pathname](res, postData);
 });
 } else {
 getHandler["/404"](req, res);
 }
}

// 提供给其他模块使用的接口
module.exports = {
 get: get,
 post: post
};

{
 "foods": [{
 "id": "number",
 "image": "string",
 "name": "string",
 "price": "string"
 }]
}

var fs = require('fs');

module.exports = function() {
 // 读取文件中的数据，将其转成一个对象方便使用
 var data = JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync(__dirname + '/../data/foods.json'));
 var foods = {
 getAllFoods: getAllFoods,
 getFood: getFood
 };

 // 获取所有食品
 function getAllFoods() {
 return data.foods;
 }

 // 根据id获取单个食品
 function getFood(id) {
 for (var i = 0; i < data.foods.length; ++i) {
  if (data.foods[i].id == id)
  return data.foods[i];
 }
 }

 return foods;
};