Laravel 5 框架入门（四）完结篇
编程学习 2021-07-05 09:09www.dzhlxh.cn编程入门
本文是本系列教程的完结篇，我们将一起给 Page 加入评论功能，让游客在前台页面可以查看、提交、回复评论，同时我们将在后台完善评论管理功能，可以删除、编辑评论。
Page 和评论将使用 Eloquent 提供的“一对多关系”。最终，我们将得到一个个人博客系统的雏形，并布置一个大作业，供大家实战练习。
1. 初识 Eloquent
Laravel Eloquent ORM 是 Laravel 中非常重要的部分，也是 Laravel 能如此流行的原因之一。中文文档在：
1.
2.
在前面的教程中已经建立好的 learnlaravel5/app/Page.php 就是一个 Eloquent Model 类：
<?php namespace App;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
class Page extends Model {
//
}
若想进一步了解 Eloquent，推荐阅读系列文章：深入理解 Laravel Eloquent
2. 创建 Comment 模型
首先我们要新建一张表来存储 Comment，命令行运行：
代码如下:
php artisan make:model Comment
成功以后，修改 migration 文件 learnlaravel5/database/migrations/***_create_comments_table.php 的相应位置为：
Schema::create('comments', function(Blueprint $table)
{
$table->increments('id');
$table->string('nickname');
$table->string('email')->nullable();
$table->string('website')->nullable();
$table->text('content')->nullable();
$table->integer('page_id');
$table->timestamps();
});
之后运行：
代码如下:
php artisan migrate
去数据库里瞧瞧，comments 表已经躺在那儿啦。
3. 建立“一对多关系”
修改 Page 模型：
<?php namespace App;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
class Page extends Model {
public function hasManyComments()
{
return $this->hasMany('App\Comment', 'page_id', 'id');
}
}
搞定啦~ Eloquent 中模型间关系就是这么简单。
模型间关系中文文档：
4. 前台提交功能
修改 Comment 模型：
<?php namespace App;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
class Comment extends Model {
protected $fillable = ['nickname', 'email', 'website', 'content', 'page_id'];
}
增加一行路由：
代码如下:
Route::post('comment/store', );
运行以下命令创建 CommentsController 控制器：
代码如下:
php artisan make:controller CommentsController
修改 CommentsController：
<?php namespace App\Http\Controllers;
use App\Http\Requests;
use App\Http\Controllers\Controller;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;
use Redirect, Input;
use App\Comment;
class CommentsController extends Controller {
public function store()
{
if (Comment::create(Input::all())) {
return Redirect::back();
} else {
return Redirect::back()->withInput()->withErrors('评论发表失败！');
}
}
}
修改视图 learnlaravel5/resources/views/pages/show.blade.php：
@extends('_layouts.default')
@section('content')
<h4>
<a href="/">⬅️返回首页</a>
</h4>
<h1 style="text-align: center; margin-top: 50px;">{{ $page->title }}</h1>
<hr>
<div id="date" style="text-align: right;">
{{ $page->updated_at }}
</div>
<div id="content" style="padding: 50px;">
<p>
{{ $page->body }}
</p>
</div>
<div id="comments" style="margin-bottom: 100px;">
@if (count($errors) > 0)
<div class="alert alert-danger">
<strong>Whoops!</strong> There were some problems with your input.<br><br>
<ul>
@foreach ($errors->all() as $error)
<li>{{ $error }}</li>
@endforeach
</ul>
</div>
@endif
<div id="new">
<form action="{{ URL('comment/store') }}" method="POST">
<input type="hidden" name="_token" value="{{ csrf_token() }}">
<input type="hidden" name="page_id" value="{{ $page->id }}">
<div class="form-group">
<label>Nickname</label>
<input type="text" name="nickname" class="form-control" style="width: 300px;" required="required">
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label>Email address</label>
<input type="email" name="email" class="form-control" style="width: 300px;">
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label>Home page</label>
<input type="text" name="website" class="form-control" style="width: 300px;">
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label>Content</label>
<textarea name="content" id="newFormContent" class="form-control" rows="10" required="required"></textarea>
</div>
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-lg btn-success col-lg-12">Submit</button>
</form>
</div>
<script>
function reply(a) {
var nickname = a.parentNode.parentNode.firstChild.nextSibling.getAttribute('data');
var textArea = document.getElementById('newFormContent');
textArea.innerHTML = '@'+nickname+' ';
}
</script>
<div class="conmments" style="margin-top: 100px;">
@foreach ($page->hasManyComments as $comment)
<div class="one" style="border-top: solid 20px #efefef; padding: 5px 20px;">
<div class="nickname" data="{{ $comment->nickname }}">
@if ($comment->website)
<a href="{{ $comment->website }}">
<h3>{{ $comment->nickname }}</h3>
</a>
@else
<h3>{{ $comment->nickname }}</h3>
@endif
<h6>{{ $comment->created_at }}</h6>
</div>
<div class="content">
<p style="padding: 20px;">
{{ $comment->content }}
</p>
</div>
<div class="reply" style="text-align: right; padding: 5px;">
<a href="#new" onclick="reply(this);">回复</a>
</div>
</div>
@endforeach
</div>
</div>
@endsection
前台评论功能完成。
查看效果：
5. 后台管理功能
修改基础视图 learnlaravel5/resources/views/app.blade.php 为：
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<title>Laravel</title>
<link href="/css/app.css" rel="stylesheet">
<!-- Fonts -->
<link href='http://fonts.useso.com/css?family=Roboto:400,300' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'>
</head>
<body>
<nav class="navbar navbar-default">
<div class="container-fluid">
<div class="navbar-header">
<button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#bs-example-navbar-collapse-1">
<span class="sr-only">Toggle Navigation</span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
</button>
<a class="navbar-brand" href="#">Learn Laravel 5</a>
</div>
<div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="bs-example-navbar-collapse-1">
<ul class="nav navbar-nav">
<li><a href="/admin">后台首页</a></li>
</ul>
<ul class="nav navbar-nav">
<li><a href="/admin/comments">管理评论</a></li>
</ul>
<ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right">
@if (Auth::guest())
<li><a href="/auth/login">Login</a></li>
<li><a href="/auth/register">Register</a></li>
@else
<li class="dropdown">
<a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-expanded="false">{{ Auth::user()->name }} <span class="caret"></span></a>
<ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu">
<li><a href="/auth/logout">Logout</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
@endif
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</nav>
@yield('content')
<!-- Scripts -->
<script src="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.1.3/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script src="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/twitter-bootstrap/3.3.1/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
</body>
</html>
修改后台路由组（增加了一行）：
Route::group(['prefix' => 'admin', 'namespace' => 'Admin', 'middleware' => 'auth'], function()
{
Route::get('/', 'AdminHomeComtroller@index');
Route::resource('pages', 'PagesController');
Route::resource('comments', 'CommentsController');
});
创建 Admin\CommentsController ：
代码如下:
php artisan make:controller Admin/CommentsController
Admin/CommentsController 要有 查看所有、查看单个、POST更改、删除四个接口：
<?php namespace App\Http\Controllers\Admin;
use App\Http\Requests;
use App\Http\Controllers\Controller;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;
use App\Comment;
use Redirect, Input;
class CommentsController extends Controller {
public function index()
{
return view('admin.comments.index')->withComments(Comment::all());
}
public function edit($id)
{
return view('admin.comments.edit')->withComment(Comment::find($id));
}
public function update(Request $request, $id)
{
$this->validate($request, [
'nickname' => 'required',
'content' => 'required',
]);
if (Comment::where('id', $id)->update(Input::except(['_method', '_token']))) {
return Redirect::to('admin/comments');
} else {
return Redirect::back()->withInput()->withErrors('更新失败！');
}
}
public function destroy($id)
{
$comment = Comment::find($id);
$comment->delete();
return Redirect::to('admin/comments');
}
}
接下来创建两个视图：
learnlaravel5/resources/views/admin/comments/index.blade.php：
@extends('app')
@section('content')
<div class="container">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-10 col-md-offset-1">
<div class="panel panel-default">
<div class="panel-heading">管理评论</div>
<div class="panel-body">
<table class="table table-striped">
<tr class="row">
<th class="col-lg-4">Content</th>
<th class="col-lg-2">User</th>
<th class="col-lg-4">Page</th>
<th class="col-lg-1">编辑</th>
<th class="col-lg-1">删除</th>
</tr>
@foreach ($comments as $comment)
<tr class="row">
<td class="col-lg-6">
{{ $comment->content }}
</td>
<td class="col-lg-2">
@if ($comment->website)
<a href="{{ $comment->website }}">
<h4>{{ $comment->nickname }}</h4>
</a>
@else
<h3>{{ $comment->nickname }}</h3>
@endif
{{ $comment->email }}
</td>
<td class="col-lg-4">
<a href="{{ URL('pages/'.$comment->page_id) }}" target="_blank">
{{ App\Page::find($comment->page_id)->title }}
</a>
</td>
<td class="col-lg-1">
<a href="{{ URL('admin/comments/'.$comment->id.'/edit') }}" class="btn btn-success">编辑</a>
</td>
<td class="col-lg-1">
<form action="{{ URL('admin/comments/'.$comment->id) }}" method="POST" style="display: inline;">
<input name="_method" type="hidden" value="DELETE">
<input type="hidden" name="_token" value="{{ csrf_token() }}">
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-danger">删除</button>
</form>
</td>
</tr>
@endforeach
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
@endsection
learnlaravel5/resources/views/admin/comments/edit.blade.php：
@extends('app')
@section('content')
<div class="container">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-10 col-md-offset-1">
<div class="panel panel-default">
<div class="panel-heading">编辑评论</div>
<div class="panel-body">
@if (count($errors) > 0)
<div class="alert alert-danger">
<strong>Whoops!</strong> There were some problems with your input.<br><br>
<ul>
@foreach ($errors->all() as $error)
<li>{{ $error }}</li>
@endforeach
</ul>
</div>
@endif
<form action="{{ URL('admin/comments/'.$comment->id) }}" method="POST">
<input name="_method" type="hidden" value="PUT">
<input type="hidden" name="_token" value="{{ csrf_token() }}">
<input type="hidden" name="page_id" value="{{ $comment->page_id }}">
Nickname: <input type="text" name="nickname" class="form-control" required="required" value="{{ $comment->nickname }}">
<br>
Email:
<input type="text" name="email" class="form-control" required="required" value="{{ $comment->email }}">
<br>
Website:
<input type="text" name="website" class="form-control" required="required" value="{{ $comment->website }}">
<br>
Content:
<textarea name="content" rows="10" class="form-control" required="required">{{ $comment->content }}</textarea>
<br>
<button class="btn btn-lg btn-info">提交修改</button>
</form>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
@endsection
后台管理功能完成，查看效果：
6. 大作业
依赖于 Page 的评论功能已经全部完成，个人博客系统雏形诞生。在本系列教程的最后，布置一个大作业：构建出 Article 的前后台，并且加上 Article 与 Comment 的一对多关系，加入评论和评论管理功能。在做这个大作业的过程中，你将会反复地回头去看前面的教程，反复地阅读中文文档，会仔细阅读我的代码，等你完成大作业的时候，Laravel 5 就真正入门啦~~
以上所述就是本文的全部内容了，希望大家能够喜欢。
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