JavaServlet的文件上传和下载实现方法
编程学习 2021-07-05 11:23www.dzhlxh.cn编程入门
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先分析一下上传文件的流程
1-先通过前段页面中的选择文件选择要上传的图片
index.jsp
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="utf-8" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"%> <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> <html> <head> <title>My JSP 'index.jsp' starting page</title> <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8"> <meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache"> <meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache"> <meta http-equiv="expires" content="0"> <meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3"> <meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page"> <script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="js/common.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="js/ajaxfileupload.js"></script> </head> <body> <input type="file" value="上传" name="inputImage" id="inputImage"> <input type="button" value="上传" id="upload"> <a id="downLoad">下载</a> </body> </html>
2-点击提交按钮,通过ajax的文件上传访问服务器端
common.js
var path = (function() { //获取当前网址 var curWwwPath = window.document.location.href; //获取主机地址之后的目录 var pathName = window.document.location.pathname; var pos = curWwwPath.indexOf(pathName); //获取主机地址 var localhostPath = curWwwPath.substring(0, pos); //获取带"/"的项目名 var projectName = pathName.substring(0, pathName.substr(1).indexOf('/') + 1); return { curWwwPath: curWwwPath, pathName: pathName, localhostPath: localhostPath, projectName: projectName, //部署路径 deployPath: localhostPath + projectName }; })();
// 文件下载 $("a[id=downLoad]").click(function(){ window.location.href=path.deployPath+"/fileDown"; }); // 文件上传 $("input[id=upload]").click(function() { $.ajaxFileUpload( { url : path.deployPath + "/fileUp", // 处理页面的绝对路径 fileElementId : "inputImage", //file空间的id属性 dataType : "json", success : function(data) { alert("上传成功"); } }); });
3-服务器端响应保存或者下载
保存上传文件的FileUpload.java
import java.io.File; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.PrintWriter; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; import java.util.UUID; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import net.sf.json.JSONArray; import org.apache.commons.fileupload.FileItem; import org.apache.commons.fileupload.FileUploadException; import org.apache.commons.fileupload.disk.DiskFileItemFactory; import org.apache.commons.fileupload.servlet.ServletFileUpload; import com.stu.util.HttpUtil; /** * 文件名称: com.stu.fileupload.FileUpload.java<br/> * 初始作者: Administrator<br/> * 创建日期: 2018-1-31<br/> * 功能说明: 文件上传 <br/> * =================================================<br/> * 修改记录:<br/> * 修改作者 日期 修改内容<br/> * ================================================<br/> * Copyright (c) 2010-2011 .All rights reserved.<br/> */ public class FileUpload extends HttpServlet { private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L; @Override protected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse res) throws ServletException, IOException { // 获取到当前服务器所在的路径 String serverPath = req.getSession().getServletContext().getRealPath("/"); // 设置保存上传文件的路径 String saveDirPath = serverPath + "img"; File saveDirPathFileObj = new File(saveDirPath); // 如果当用来存放文件的目录不存在时,要创建该目录 if (!saveDirPathFileObj.exists()) { saveDirPathFileObj.mkdirs(); } // 创建一个解析器工厂 DiskFileItemFactory factory = new DiskFileItemFactory(); // 设置工厂的缓存区大小 factory.setSizeThreshold(5 * 1024); // 文件上传的解析器(文件上传对象) ServletFileUpload upload = new ServletFileUpload(factory); // 设置上传文件的最大值 upload.setSizeMax(3 * 1024 * 1024); // 设置编码格式 upload.setHeaderEncoding("UTF-8"); try { // 上传以后的文件名 List<String> uploadFileNames = new ArrayList<String>(); List<FileItem> fileItems = upload.parseRequest(req); System.out.println(fileItems); for (FileItem file : fileItems) { // 新的文件名 String saveFileName = UUID.randomUUID().toString().replace("-", ""); // 文件的后缀 String oldFileName = new String(file.getName().getBytes(), "UTF-8"); System.out.println("oldFileName" + oldFileName); String fileType = oldFileName.substring(oldFileName.lastIndexOf(".")); // 新的文件路径 String saveFilePath = saveDirPath + File.separator + saveFileName + fileType; uploadFileNames.add(saveFileName + fileType); // 保存上传的文件 file.write(new File(saveFilePath)); } System.out.println(uploadFileNames); HttpUtil.setAttribute(req, "urls", uploadFileNames); res.setContentType("application/json;charset=utf-8"); PrintWriter pw = res.getWriter(); pw.print(JSONArray.fromObject(uploadFileNames)); } catch (FileUploadException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }
下载文件的FileDownload.java
import java.io.File; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.PrintWriter; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; import java.util.UUID; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import net.sf.json.JSONArray; import org.apache.commons.fileupload.FileItem; import org.apache.commons.fileupload.FileUploadException; import org.apache.commons.fileupload.disk.DiskFileItemFactory; import org.apache.commons.fileupload.servlet.ServletFileUpload; import com.stu.util.HttpUtil; /** * 文件名称: com.stu.fileupload.FileUpload.java<br/> * 初始作者: Administrator<br/> * 创建日期: 2018-1-31<br/> * 功能说明: 文件上传 <br/> * =================================================<br/> * 修改记录:<br/> * 修改作者 日期 修改内容<br/> * ================================================<br/> * Copyright (c) 2010-2011 .All rights reserved.<br/> */ public class FileUpload extends HttpServlet { private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L; @Override protected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse res) throws ServletException, IOException { // 获取到当前服务器所在的路径 String serverPath = req.getSession().getServletContext().getRealPath("/"); // 设置保存上传文件的路径 String saveDirPath = serverPath + "img"; File saveDirPathFileObj = new File(saveDirPath); // 如果当用来存放文件的目录不存在时,要创建该目录 if (!saveDirPathFileObj.exists()) { saveDirPathFileObj.mkdirs(); } // 创建一个解析器工厂 DiskFileItemFactory factory = new DiskFileItemFactory(); // 设置工厂的缓存区大小 factory.setSizeThreshold(5 * 1024); // 文件上传的解析器(文件上传对象) ServletFileUpload upload = new ServletFileUpload(factory); // 设置上传文件的最大值 upload.setSizeMax(3 * 1024 * 1024); // 设置编码格式 upload.setHeaderEncoding("UTF-8"); try { // 上传以后的文件名 List<String> uploadFileNames = new ArrayList<String>(); List<FileItem> fileItems = upload.parseRequest(req); System.out.println(fileItems); for (FileItem file : fileItems) { // 新的文件名 String saveFileName = UUID.randomUUID().toString().replace("-", ""); // 文件的后缀 String oldFileName = new String(file.getName().getBytes(), "UTF-8"); System.out.println("oldFileName" + oldFileName); String fileType = oldFileName.substring(oldFileName.lastIndexOf(".")); // 新的文件路径 String saveFilePath = saveDirPath + File.separator + saveFileName + fileType; uploadFileNames.add(saveFileName + fileType); // 保存上传的文件 file.write(new File(saveFilePath)); } System.out.println(uploadFileNames); HttpUtil.setAttribute(req, "urls", uploadFileNames); res.setContentType("application/json;charset=utf-8"); PrintWriter pw = res.getWriter(); pw.print(JSONArray.fromObject(uploadFileNames)); } catch (FileUploadException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }
这里面用到了一个HttpUtil类,代码如下:
import javax.servlet.FilterConfig; import javax.servlet.ServletConfig; import javax.servlet.ServletContext; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession; /** * 文件名称_com.niit.model2.util.Httputil.java</br> * 初始作逯ܿAdministrator</br> * 创建日期_2018-1-23</br> * 功能说明_这里用一句话描述这个类的作用--此句话需删除 <br/> * =================================================<br/> * 修改记录_br/> * 修改作迠日期 修改内容<br/> * ================================================<br/> * Copyright (c) 2010-2011 .All rights reserved.<br/> */ public class HttpUtil { private HttpUtil() { } /** * 方法描述: [用于向不同的作用域存放属性]</br> * 初始作迺 Administrator<br/> * 创建日期: 2018-1-23-上午11:24:45<br/> * 弿Nj版本: 2.0.0<br/> * =================================================<br/> * 修改记录_br/> * 修改作迠日期 修改内容<br/> * ================================================<br/> * void */ public static void setAttribute(Object scopeObj, String name, Object value) { if (scopeObj instanceof HttpServletRequest) { ((HttpServletRequest) scopeObj).setAttribute(name, value); } if (scopeObj instanceof HttpSession) { ((HttpSession) scopeObj).setAttribute(name, value); } if (scopeObj instanceof ServletContext) { ((ServletContext) scopeObj).setAttribute(name, value); } } /** * 方法描述: [获取作用域中指定名称的属性思</br> * 初始作迺 Administrator<br/> * 创建日期: 2018-1-23-上午11:29:17<br/> * 弿Nj版本: 2.0.0<br/> * =================================================<br/> * 修改记录_br/> * 修改作迠日期 修改内容<br/> * ================================================<br/> * * @param scopeObj * @param name * @return * Object */ public static Object getAttribute(Object scopeObj, String name) { if (scopeObj instanceof HttpServletRequest) { return ((HttpServletRequest) scopeObj).getAttribute(name); } if (scopeObj instanceof HttpSession) { return ((HttpSession) scopeObj).getAttribute(name); } if (scopeObj instanceof ServletContext) { return ((ServletContext) scopeObj).getAttribute(name); } return null; } /** * 方法描述: [获取上下文对象的方法]</br> * 初始作迺 Administrator<br/> * 创建日期: 2018-1-23-上午11:31:26<br/> * 弿Nj版本: 2.0.0<br/> * =================================================<br/> * 修改记录_br/> * 修改作迠日期 修改内容<br/> * ================================================<br/> * * @return * ServletContext */ public static ServletContext getServletContext(Object sourceObj) { if (sourceObj instanceof HttpServletRequest) { return ((HttpServletRequest) sourceObj).getSession().getServletContext(); } if (sourceObj instanceof ServletConfig) { return ((ServletConfig) sourceObj).getServletContext(); } if (sourceObj instanceof FilterConfig) { return ((FilterConfig) sourceObj).getServletContext(); } return null; } /** * 方法描述: [获取项目的实际路径]</br> * 初始作迺 Administrator<br/> * 创建日期: 2018-1-23-上午11:45:47<br/> * 弿Nj版本: 2.0.0<br/> * =================================================<br/> * 修改记录_br/> * 修改作迠日期 修改内容<br/> * ================================================<br/> * * @param req * @return * String */ public static String getContextPath(HttpServletRequest req) { return req.getContextPath(); } }
当然,代码编辑好了也不要忘了在 WebRoot/WEB-INF/web.xml 中添加新建的Servlet,就是刚刚的两个Java文件啦
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app version="2.5" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"> <welcome-file-list> <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file> </welcome-file-list> <!-- 文件上传 --> <servlet> <servlet-name>fileUpload</servlet-name> <servlet-class>com.stu.fileupload.FileUpload</servlet-class> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>fileUpload</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/fileUp</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <!-- 文件下载 --> <servlet> <servlet-name>fileDownload</servlet-name> <servlet-class>com.stu.fileupload.FileDownload</servlet-class> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>fileDownload</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/fileDown</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> </web-app>
这样的话就可以运行啦。
TIP: 不要忘记相关的jar包和 js 包哦
在 WebRoot / WEB-INF / lib 下,有 commons-fileupload.jar 和 commons-io.jar ,另外 json-lib-x.x.x-jdkxx.jar 包是用来把上传的返回数据修改为JSON格式的
在 WebRoot / js 下,导入 jquery.js , common.js , ajaxfileupload.js
以上这篇JavaServlet的文件上传和下载实现方法就是长沙网络推广分享给大家的全部内容了,希望能给大家一个参考,也希望大家多多支持狼蚁SEO。