Mysql5.7.18版本（二进制包安装）自定义安装路径教
安装路径：/application/mysql-5.7.18
1.前期准备
mysql依赖
libaio yum install -y libaio
创建用户mysql，以该用户的身份执行mysql
useradd -s /bin/false -M mysql
下载mysql二进制包并解压
cd /tools wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz tar -zxf mysql-5.7.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz -C /application/
切换到/application目录，将mysql文件夹名改短,给mysql目录做一个软链接
cd /application/ mv mysql-5.7.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64/ mysql-5.7.18 ln -s mysql-5.7.18/ mysql
在mysql目录下创建mysql-files，该文件夹权限为750，递归设置mysql目录的所属组和所属用户
mkdir mysql/mysql-files chmod 750 mysql/mysql-files chown -R mysql:mysql mysql-5.7.18/
2.mysql目录内操作
cd mysql
初始化数据库
会在mysql目录内生成一个data目录，存放数据库的目录
bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/application/mysql --datadir=/application/mysql/data
返回结果最后一行的末尾有随机密码，我的记下来：wa0I:1w?V--a
2017-04-28T02:49:00.853710Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: wa0I:1w?V--a
想设置默认密码为空则将--initialize选项替换为--initialize-insecure选项
bin/mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql --basedir=/application/mysql --datadir=/application/mysql/data
安装ssl
bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup --datadir /application/mysql/data/
指定data目录的路径
更改所属用户和组
chown -R root . chown -R mysql data mysql-files
除了mysql目录下的data目录和mysql-files目录所属用户不变，其他所有文件的所属用户改为root
修改配置文件
sed -i 's/^datadir=\/var\/lib\/mysql/datadir=\/application\/mysql\/data/g' /etc/my.cnf sed -i 's/^socket=\/var\/lib\/mysql\/mysql.sock/socket=\/tmp\/mysql.sock/g' /etc/my.cnf sed -i 's/^log-error=\/var\/log\/mariadb\/mariadb.log/log-error=\/application\/mysql\/data\/err.log/g' /etc/my.cnf sed -i 's/^pid-file=\/var\/run\/mariadb\/mariadb.pid/pid-file=\/application\/mysql\/data\/mysql.pid/g' /etc/my.cnf
等价于:
vi /etc/my.cnf datadir=/application/mysql/data socket=/tmp/mysql.sock log-error=/application/mysql/data/err.log pid-file=/application/mysql/data/mysql.pid /etc/my.cnf Content: [mysqld] datadir=/application/mysql/data socket=/tmp/mysql.sock # Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks symbolic-links=0 # Settings user and group are ignored when systemd is used. # If you need to run mysqld under a different user or group, # customize your systemd unit file for mariadb according to the # instructions in http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Systemd [mysqld_safe] log-error=/application/mysql/data/err.log pid-file=/application/mysql/data/mysql.pid # # include all files from the config directory # !includedir /etc/my.cnf.d
拷贝启动程序
cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql
将mysql的启动程序拷贝到/etc/init.d/目录下，以便启动程序
编辑启动文件，配置启动目录
方法一：
思路是给配置文件提供的变量进行赋值。较麻烦。
sed -i 's/^basedir=/basedir=\/application\/mysql/g' /etc/init.d/mysql sed -i 's/^datadir=/datadir=\/application\/mysql\/data/g' /etc/init.d/mysql sed -i 's/^mysqld_pid_file_path=/mysqld_pid_file_path=\/application\/mysql\/data\/mysql.pid/g' /etc/init.d/mysql
等价于将45、46两行
basedir= datadir= mysqld_pid_file_path=
替换成
basedir=/application/mysql datadir=/application/mysql/data mysqld_pid_file_path=/application/mysql/data/mysql.pid
方法二（推荐）：
思路是将脚本的默认地址（/usr/local/mysql）直接替换成自定义路径（/application/mysql），便不用给变量赋值
sed -i 's#/usr/local/mysql#/application/mysql#g' /etc/init.d/mysql
到这里mysql安装完成可以正常启动
3.后期结尾
命令创建软链接
将mysql命令创建软链接到环境变量的目录，使用户可以在变量找到相应的命令
ln -s /application/mysql/bin/* /usr/local/sbin
登录mysql
[root@www mysql]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password: #输入之前保存的随机密码drRR0
...
mysql> #成功登陆到mysql控制台
修改密码sql语句
mysql> alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by 'NewPassWord';
#将密码修改为NewPassWord
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) #修改成功
键入quit或Ctrl + d退出
mysql> quit Bye [root@www mysql]# or mysql> ^DBye [root@www mysql]#
4.常用命令
进入mysql
mysql -u root -p
启动mysql
service mysql start
停止mysql
service mysql stop
重启mysql
service mysql restart
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