介绍一个针对C++程序的MySQL访问库soci

编程学习 2021-07-05 15:27www.dzhlxh.cn编程入门
这篇文章主要介绍了介绍一个针对C++程序的MySQL访问库soci,文章中还讲了其中的一些操作方法,需要的朋友可以参考下

一直以来,笔者都在不停寻找一种更人性化的数据库访问方式(并不是说默认的方式不好,而是有时候的确在模块化设计中不太方便)。
后来有幸在php中找到的ActiveReord,详细参考这篇文章: !
然而c++却始终用着最原始的方式,昨天趁着项目要用的机会,在网上搜索了好久,总算让我找到两套c++的数据库访问框架:

   
   

两套代码我都拿下来看了一下,litesql实现了一套完整的代码自动生成,功能强大,但是也很重;soci相对要轻量,但是同样也实现了数据结构到数据库表的映射。本人还是比较喜欢轻量的东西,所以最终选择了soci。经过这两天的试用,感觉非常不错。

官方的文档也很详细,所以这里就用我写的单元测试代码来做一下简单的讲解:
首先创建库表:

create database soci;
CREATE TABLE `tb_test` (
 `id` int(11) NOT NULL auto_increment,
 `name` varchar(32) default "",
 `sex` int(11) default 0,
 PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
 UNIQUE KEY `name` (`name`)
);
 
create database soci;
CREATE TABLE `tb_test` (
 `id` int(11) NOT NULL auto_increment,
 `name` varchar(32) default "",
 `sex` int(11) default 0,
 PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
 UNIQUE KEY `name` (`name`)
);

1.简单的select单条记录

TEST(soci,select_one)
{
  try
  {
    session sql(mysql, "host=localhost db=soci user=dantezhu");
    indicator ind;

    string name = "dandan";
    int sex;
    sql << "select sex from tb_test where name = :name",
      into(sex, ind), use(name);

    ASSERT_EQ(ind, i_ok) << name;
  }
  catch (exception const &e)
  {
    FAIL()<<e.what();
  }
}
 
TEST(soci,select_one)
{
  try
  {
    session sql(mysql, "host=localhost db=soci user=dantezhu");
    indicator ind;
 
    string name = "dandan";
    int sex;
    sql << "select sex from tb_test where name = :name",
      into(sex, ind), use(name);
 
    ASSERT_EQ(ind, i_ok) << name;
  }
  catch (exception const &e)
  {
    FAIL()<<e.what();
  }
}

select的结果,如果成功则ind会为i_ok,同值sex被赋值;如果失败则反之

2.简单的select多条记录

TEST(soci,select_multi2)
{
  try
  {
    session sql(mysql, "db=soci user=dantezhu");
    indicator ind;

    int count;
    sql << "select count(*) from tb_test", into(count, ind);
    ASSERT_EQ(ind, i_ok) << count;

    if (count == 0)
    {
      SUCCEED();
      return;
    }

    int sex = 1;
    vector<string> vec_name(count);
    vector<int> vec_sex(count);
    sql << "select name,sex from tb_test where sex = :sex",
      into(vec_name), into(vec_sex), use(sex);
  }
  catch (exception const &e)
  {
    FAIL()<<e.what();
  }
}
 
TEST(soci,select_multi2)
{
  try
  {
    session sql(mysql, "db=soci user=dantezhu");
    indicator ind;
 
    int count;
    sql << "select count(*) from tb_test", into(count, ind);
    ASSERT_EQ(ind, i_ok) << count;
 
    if (count == 0)
    {
      SUCCEED();
      return;
    }
 
    int sex = 1;
    vector<string> vec_name(count);
    vector<int> vec_sex(count);
    sql << "select name,sex from tb_test where sex = :sex",
      into(vec_name), into(vec_sex), use(sex);
  }
  catch (exception const &e)
  {
    FAIL()<<e.what();
  }
}

与select单条记录唯一的区别即,into()的参数是一个vector。其实用多个vector这种方式并不是一个很好的选择,后面会介绍基于数据结构的方式。

3.简单的insert

TEST(soci,insert_exist)
{
  try
  {
    session sql(mysql, "db=soci user=dantezhu");

    string name = "dandan";
    int sex = 1;

    sql << "insert into tb_test(name, sex) values(:name, :sex)",
      use(name), use(sex);
  }
  catch (exception const &e)
  {
    SUCCEED()<<e.what();
  }
}
 
TEST(soci,insert_exist)
{
  try
  {
    session sql(mysql, "db=soci user=dantezhu");
 
    string name = "dandan";
    int sex = 1;
 
    sql << "insert into tb_test(name, sex) values(:name, :sex)",
      use(name), use(sex);
  }
  catch (exception const &e)
  {
    SUCCEED()<<e.what();
  }
}

insert,update,delete都有两个同样的问题:
a)affect_rows(操作的行数)没有办法返回
b)操作的id无法知道,尤其对于insert的主键是自增的情况下,无法知道插入的主键的值是多少。

update和delete都与insert相似,这里就不再多说。

接下来是这个框架的很重要的一个特性,即数据库表与数据结构绑定:

首先我们需要定义一个结构体,并告知soci怎么让列名和数据结构的字段对应起来:

struct Person
{
  int id;
  std::string name;
  int sex;
};

namespace soci
{
  template<> struct type_conversion<Person>
  {
    typedef values base_type;
    static void from_base(values const & v, indicator /* ind */, Person & p)
    {
      p.id = v.get<int>("id");
      p.name = v.get<std::string>("name");
      p.sex = v.get<int>("sex");
    }
    static void to_base(const Person & p, values & v, indicator & ind)
    {
      v.set("id", p.id);
      v.set("name", p.name);
      v.set("sex", p.sex);
      ind = i_ok;
    }
  };
}
 
struct Person
{
  int id;
  std::string name;
  int sex;
};
 
namespace soci
{
  template<> struct type_conversion<Person>
  {
    typedef values base_type;
    static void from_base(values const & v, indicator /* ind */, Person & p)
    {
      p.id = v.get<int>("id");
      p.name = v.get<std::string>("name");
      p.sex = v.get<int>("sex");
    }
    static void to_base(const Person & p, values & v, indicator & ind)
    {
      v.set("id", p.id);
      v.set("name", p.name);
      v.set("sex", p.sex);
      ind = i_ok;
    }
  };
}

关于

template<> struct type_conversion<Person>
 
template<> struct type_conversion<Person>

这里,官方的文档是是有误的,我查了好长时间,按照上面的写法来写即可。

1.用数据结构来select

TEST(soci,select_obj_one)
{
  try
  {
    session sql(mysql, "db=soci user=dantezhu");
    indicator ind;

    int count;
    sql << "select count(*) from tb_test", into(count, ind);
    ASSERT_EQ(ind, i_ok) << count;

    string name = "dandan";
    Person p;
    sql << "select id,name,sex from tb_test where name = :name",
      into(p, ind), use(name);

    ASSERT_EQ(ind, i_ok) << name;

    if (sql.got_data())
    {
      cout<< p.id 
        << "," 
        << p.name 
        << "," 
        << p.sex 
        << endl;
    }

  }
  catch (exception const &e)
  {
    FAIL()<<e.what();
  }
}
 
TEST(soci,select_obj_one)
{
  try
  {
    session sql(mysql, "db=soci user=dantezhu");
    indicator ind;
 
    int count;
    sql << "select count(*) from tb_test", into(count, ind);
    ASSERT_EQ(ind, i_ok) << count;
 
    string name = "dandan";
    Person p;
    sql << "select id,name,sex from tb_test where name = :name",
      into(p, ind), use(name);
 
    ASSERT_EQ(ind, i_ok) << name;
 
    if (sql.got_data())
    {
      cout<< p.id 
        << "," 
        << p.name 
        << "," 
        << p.sex 
        << endl;
    }
 
  }
  catch (exception const &e)
  {
    FAIL()<<e.what();
  }
}

2.用数据结构来进行insert

TEST(soci,insert_obj_noexist)
{
  try
  {
    session sql(mysql, "db=soci user=dantezhu");

    Person p = {
      0,
      "niuniu",
      2
    };

    sql << "insert into tb_test(name, sex) values(:name, :sex)",
      use(p);
  }
  catch (exception const &e)
  {
    FAIL()<<e.what();
  }
}
 
TEST(soci,insert_obj_noexist)
{
  try
  {
    session sql(mysql, "db=soci user=dantezhu");
 
    Person p = {
      0,
      "niuniu",
      2
    };
 
    sql << "insert into tb_test(name, sex) values(:name, :sex)",
      use(p);
  }
  catch (exception const &e)
  {
    FAIL()<<e.what();
  }
}

整个就是这样~~狼蚁网站SEO优化是文中代码文件的下载路径:

另外,虽然python下的mysql访问也算比较简单,但还是想知道是否有更Pythonic的库或接口,如果有朋友知道,欢迎不吝告知。

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