Oracle基础多条sql执行在中间的语句出现错误时的
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多条sql执行时如果在中间的语句出现错误，后续会不会直接执行，如何进行设定，以及其他数据库诸如Mysql是如何对应的，这篇文章将会进行简单的整理和说明。
环境准备
使用Oracle的精简版创建docker方式的demo环境，详细可参看：
多行语句的正常执行
对上篇文章创建的两个字段的学生信息表，正常添加三条数据，详细如下：
# sqlplus system/liumiao123@XE <<EOF > desc student > select * from student; > insert into student values (1001, 'liumiaocn'); > insert into student values (1002, 'liumiao'); > insert into student values (1003, 'michael'); > commit; > select * from student; > EOF SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.2.0 Production on Sun Oct 21 12:08:35 2018 Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production SQL> Name Null? Type ----------------------------------------- -------- ---------------------------- STUID NOT NULL NUMBER(4) STUNAME VARCHAR2(50) SQL> no rows selected SQL> 1 row created. SQL> 1 row created. SQL> 1 row created. SQL> Commit complete. SQL> STUID STUNAME ---------- -------------------------------------------------- 1001 liumiaocn 1002 liumiao 1003 michael SQL> Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production #
多行语句中间出错时的缺省动作
问题：
三行insert语句，如果中间的一行出错，缺省的状况下第三行会不会被插入进去？
我们将第二条insert语句的主键故意设定重复，然后进行确认第三条数据是否会进行插入即可。
# sqlplus system/liumiao123@XE <<EOF desc student delete from student; select * from student; insert into student values (1001, 'liumiaocn'); insert into student values (1001, 'liumiao'); insert into student values (1003, 'michael'); select * from student; commit;> > > > > > EOF SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.2.0 Production on Sun Oct 21 12:15:16 2018 Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production SQL> Name Null? Type ----------------------------------------- -------- ---------------------------- STUID NOT NULL NUMBER(4) STUNAME VARCHAR2(50) SQL> 2 rows deleted. SQL> no rows selected SQL> 1 row created. SQL> insert into student values (1001, 'liumiao') * ERROR at line 1: ORA-00001: unique constraint (SYSTEM.SYS_C007024) violated SQL> 1 row created. SQL> STUID STUNAME ---------- -------------------------------------------------- 1001 liumiaocn 1003 michael SQL> SQL> Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production #
结果非常清晰地表明是会继续执行的，在oracle中通过什么来对其进行控制呢？
WHENEVER SQLERROR
答案很简单，在oracle中通过WHENEVER SQLERROR来进行控制。
WHENEVER SQLERROR {EXIT [SUCCESS | FAILURE | WARNING | n | variable | :BindVariable] [COMMIT | ROLLBACK] | CONTINUE [COMMIT | ROLLBACK | NONE]}
WHENEVER SQLERROR EXIT
添加此行设定，即会在失败的时候立即推出，接下来我们进行确认：
# sqlplus system/liumiao123@XE <<EOF WHENEVER SQLERROR EXIT desc student delete from student; select * from student; insert into student values (1001, 'liumiaocn'); insert into student values (1001, 'liumiao'); insert into student values (1003, 'michael'); select * from student; commit;> > > > > > > > > > EOF SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.2.0 Production on Sun Oct 21 12:27:15 2018 Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production SQL> SQL> Name Null? Type ----------------------------------------- -------- ---------------------------- STUID NOT NULL NUMBER(4) STUNAME VARCHAR2(50) SQL> 2 rows deleted. SQL> no rows selected SQL> 1 row created. SQL> insert into student values (1001, 'liumiao') * ERROR at line 1: ORA-00001: unique constraint (SYSTEM.SYS_C007024) violated Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production #
WHENEVER SQLERROR CONTINUE
使用CONTINUE则和缺省方式下的行为一致，出错仍然继续执行
# sqlplus system/liumiao123@XE <<EOF WHENEVER SQLERROR CONTINUE desc student delete from student; select * from student; insert into student values (1001, 'liumiaocn'); insert into student values (1001, 'liumiao'); insert into student values (1003, 'michael'); select * from student; commit;> > > > > > > > > > EOF SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.2.0 Production on Sun Oct 21 12:31:54 2018 Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production SQL> SQL> Name Null? Type ----------------------------------------- -------- ---------------------------- STUID NOT NULL NUMBER(4) STUNAME VARCHAR2(50) SQL> 1 row deleted. SQL> no rows selected SQL> 1 row created. SQL> insert into student values (1001, 'liumiao') * ERROR at line 1: ORA-00001: unique constraint (SYSTEM.SYS_C007024) violated SQL> 1 row created. SQL> STUID STUNAME ---------- -------------------------------------------------- 1001 liumiaocn 1003 michael SQL> Commit complete. SQL> Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production #
Mysql中类似的机制
mysql中使用source是否提供相关的类似机制的问题中，最终引入了Oracle此项功能在mysql中引入的建议，详细请参看：
所以目前这只是一个sqlplus端的强化功能，并非标准，不同数据库需要确认相应的功能是否存在。
小结
Oracle中使用WHENEVER SQLERROR进行出错控制是否继续，本文给出的例子非常简单，详细功能的使用可根据文中列出的Usage进行自行验证和探索。
总结
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