CSS中的垂直和水平居中完全指南
- .link {
- padding-top: 30px;
- padding-bottom: 30px;
- }
居中一直是CSS中被抱怨的典型。为什么实现起来这么辛苦?所以有人被嘲笑。我觉得问题不是没有办法做到,只是视情况而定,有很多不同方式,但是很难弄清楚应该用何种方式。因此我写了这篇文章,希望能把他变得容易点。
水平居中
内联元素(inline or inline-*)居中?
你可以让他相对父级块级元素居中对齐
- .center-children {
- text-align: center;
- }
块级元素(block level)居中?
你可以通过设置margin-left和margin-right为auto让它居中(同时还要设置width,否则它就会承满整个容器,无法看出居中效果),如。
- .center-me {
- margin: 0 <span style="width: auto; height: auto; float: none;" id="8_nwp"><a style="text-decoration: none;" mpid="8" target="_blank" href="http://cpro.baidu.com/cpro/ui/uijs.php?adclass=0&app_id=0&c=news&cf=1001&ch=0&di=128&fv=0&is_app=0&jk=f3e358418dc3f42b&k=auto&k0=auto&kdi0=0&luki=3&n=10&p=baidu&q=06011078_cpr&rb=0&rs=1&seller_id=1&sid=2bf4c38d4158e3f3&ssp2=1&stid=0&t=tpclicked3_hc&tu=u1922429&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Eadmin10000%2Ecom%2Fdocument%2F5106%2Ehtml&urlid=0" id="8_nwl"><span style="color:#0000ff;font-size:14px;width:auto;height:auto;float:none;">auto</span></a></span>;
- }
如果有很多块级元素呢?
如果你有很匀块级元素需要水平居中成一行,你最好使用一个不同的display类型。这是一个使用inline-block和flex的例子。
- <main class="inline-block-center">
- <div>
- I'm an element that is block-like with my siblings and we're centered in a row.
- </div>
- <div>
- I'm an element that is block-like with my siblings and we're centered in a row. I have more content in me than my siblings do.
- </div>
- <div>
- I'm an element that is <span style="width: auto; height: auto; float: none;" id="6_nwp"><a style="text-decoration: none;" mpid="6" target="_blank" href="http://cpro.baidu.com/cpro/ui/uijs.php?adclass=0&app_id=0&c=news&cf=1001&ch=0&di=128&fv=0&is_app=0&jk=f3e358418dc3f42b&k=block&k0=block&kdi0=0&luki=2&n=10&p=baidu&q=06011078_cpr&rb=0&rs=1&seller_id=1&sid=2bf4c38d4158e3f3&ssp2=1&stid=0&t=tpclicked3_hc&tu=u1922429&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Eadmin10000%2Ecom%2Fdocument%2F5106%2Ehtml&urlid=0" id="6_nwl"><span style="color:#0000ff;font-size:14px;width:auto;height:auto;float:none;">block</span></a></span>-like with my siblings and we're centered in a row.
- </div>
- </main>
- <main class="flex-center">
- <div>
- I'm an element that is block-like with my siblings and we're centered in a row.
- </div>
- <div>
- I'm an element that is block-like with my siblings and we're centered in a row. I have more content in me than my siblings do.
- </div>
- <div>
- I'm an element that is block-like with my siblings and we're centered in a row.
- </div>
- </main>
- body {
- background: #f06d06;
- font-size: 80%;
- }
- main {
- background: white;
- margin: 20px 0;
- padding: 10px;
- }
- main div {
- background: black;
- color: white;
- padding: 15px;
- max-width: 125px;
- margin: 5px;
- }
- .inline-<span style="width: auto; height: auto; float: none;" id="5_nwp"><a style="text-decoration: none;" mpid="5" target="_blank" href="http://cpro.baidu.com/cpro/ui/uijs.php?adclass=0&app_id=0&c=news&cf=1001&ch=0&di=128&fv=0&is_app=0&jk=f3e358418dc3f42b&k=block&k0=block&kdi0=0&luki=2&n=10&p=baidu&q=06011078_cpr&rb=0&rs=1&seller_id=1&sid=2bf4c38d4158e3f3&ssp2=1&stid=0&t=tpclicked3_hc&tu=u1922429&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Eadmin10000%2Ecom%2Fdocument%2F5106%2Ehtml&urlid=0" id="5_nwl"><span style="color:#0000ff;font-size:14px;width:auto;height:auto;float:none;">block</span></a></span>-center {
- text-align: center;
- }
- .inline-block-center div {
- display: inline-block;
- text-align: left;
- }
- .flex-center {
- display: flex;
- justify-content: center;
- }
垂直居中
垂直居中在CSS中有点棘手
内联元素(inline or inline-*)居中,像文本和链接那样的?
它是一行的吗?
有时侯元素可以表现像垂直居中,只是因为它们有相等的上下padding
如果padding因为某些原因不能用,而且文本不会换行的情况下,你可以使用line-height,让其与height相等去对齐文本。
- .center-text-trick {
- height: 100px;
- line-height: 100px;
- whitewhite-space: nowrap;
- }
它是多行的?
上下等padding的方式也可以让多行居中,但是如果这方法没用,你可以让这些文字的容器按table cell模式显示,然后设置文字的vertical-align属性对齐,就像talbe那样
- <table>
- <tr>
- <td>
- I'm vertically centered multiple lines of text in a real table cell.
- </td>
- </tr>
- </table>
- <div class="center-table">
- <p>I'm vertically centered multiple lines of text in a CSS-created table <span style="width: auto; height: auto; float: none;" id="4_nwp"><a style="text-decoration: none;" mpid="4" target="_blank" href="http://cpro.baidu.com/cpro/ui/uijs.php?adclass=0&app_id=0&c=news&cf=1001&ch=0&di=128&fv=0&is_app=0&jk=f3e358418dc3f42b&k=layout&k0=layout&kdi0=0&luki=1&n=10&p=baidu&q=06011078_cpr&rb=0&rs=1&seller_id=1&sid=2bf4c38d4158e3f3&ssp2=1&stid=0&t=tpclicked3_hc&tu=u1922429&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Eadmin10000%2Ecom%2Fdocument%2F5106%2Ehtml&urlid=0" id="4_nwl"><span style="color:#0000ff;font-size:14px;width:auto;height:auto;float:none;">layout</span></a></span>.</p>
- </div>
- body {
- background: #f06d06;
- font-size: 80%;
- }
- table {
- background: white;
- width: 240px;
- border-collapse: separate;
- margin: 20px;
- height: 250px;
- }
- table td {
- background: black;
- color: white;
- padding: 20px;
- border: 10px solid white;
- /* default is vertical-align: middle; */
- }
- .center-table {
- display: table;
- height: 250px;
- background: white;
- width: 240px;
- margin: 20px;
- }
- .center-table p {
- display: table-cell;
- margin: 0;
- background: black;
- color: white;
- padding: 20px;
- border: 10px solid white;
- vertical-align: middle;
- }
块级元素(block level)垂直居中?
你知道元素的高度吗?
出于很多方面的原因,不知道网页布局的高度是相当普遍的。
但是如果你的布局有一个固定高度,你就可以这样垂直居中:
- .parent {
- position: relative;
- }
- .child {
- position: absolute;
- top: 50%;
- height: 100px;
- margin-top: -50px; /* 如果没有使用: border-box; 的盒子模型则需要设置这个 */
- }
元素的高度是未知的
尽管未知,但你仍有可能向上推移50%的宽度
- .parent {
- position: relative;
- }
- .child {
- position: absolute;
- top: 50%;
- transform: translateY(-50%);
- }
你可以使用flexbox吗?
这并不奇怪,使用flexbox会容易非常多
- <main>
- <div>
- I'm a <span style="width: auto; height: auto; float: none;" id="2_nwp"><a style="text-decoration: none;" mpid="2" target="_blank" href="http://cpro.baidu.com/cpro/ui/uijs.php?adclass=0&app_id=0&c=news&cf=1001&ch=0&di=128&fv=0&is_app=0&jk=f3e358418dc3f42b&k=block&k0=block&kdi0=0&luki=2&n=10&p=baidu&q=06011078_cpr&rb=0&rs=1&seller_id=1&sid=2bf4c38d4158e3f3&ssp2=1&stid=0&t=tpclicked3_hc&tu=u1922429&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Eadmin10000%2Ecom%2Fdocument%2F5106%2Ehtml&urlid=0" id="2_nwl"><span style="color:#0000ff;font-size:14px;width:auto;height:auto;float:none;">block</span></a></span>-level element with an unknown height, centered vertically within my parent.
- </div>
- </main>
- body {
- background: #f06d06;
- font-size: 80%;
- }
- main {
- background: white;
- height: 300px;
- width: 200px;
- padding: 20px;
- margin: 20px;
- display: flex;
- flex-direction: column;
- justify-content: center;
- resize: vertical;
- overflow: <span style="width: auto; height: auto; float: none;" id="1_nwp"><a style="text-decoration: none;" mpid="1" target="_blank" href="http://cpro.baidu.com/cpro/ui/uijs.php?adclass=0&app_id=0&c=news&cf=1001&ch=0&di=128&fv=0&is_app=0&jk=f3e358418dc3f42b&k=auto&k0=auto&kdi0=0&luki=3&n=10&p=baidu&q=06011078_cpr&rb=0&rs=1&seller_id=1&sid=2bf4c38d4158e3f3&ssp2=1&stid=0&t=tpclicked3_hc&tu=u1922429&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Eadmin10000%2Ecom%2Fdocument%2F5106%2Ehtml&urlid=0" id="1_nwl"><span style="color:#0000ff;font-size:14px;width:auto;height:auto;float:none;">auto</span></a></span>;
- }
- main div {
- background: black;
- color: white;
- padding: 20px;
- resize: vertical;
- overflow: auto;
- }
同时水平和垂直居中
元素有固定的宽度和高度
如果元素的宽度和高度是固定的,你需要先绝对居中,然后上移和左移50%的宽度即可,这种方案有极好的跨浏览器支持。
- .parent {
- position: relative;
- }
- .child {
- width: 300px;
- height: 100px;
- padding: 20px;
- position: absolute;
- top: 50%;
- left: 50%;
- margin: -70px 0 0 -170px;
- }
元素的宽度高度未知
如果你不知道高度和宽度(可变的),你可以使用transofrm属性在两个方向都平移负50%
- .parent {
- position: relative;
- }
- .child {
- position: absolute;
- top: 50%;
- left: 50%;
- transform: translate(-50%, -50%);
- }